Start building Flutter web apps on ChromeOS
- Verify system requirements
- Configure a text editor or IDE
安装 Flutter SDK 检查你的开发配置 开始使用 Flutter 开发 Web on ChromeOS 应用 管理 Flutter SDK
Verify system requirements
#To install and run Flutter, your ChromeOS environment must meet the following hardware and software requirements.
Hardware requirements
#Your ChromeOS Flutter development environment must meet the following minimal hardware requirements.
Requirement | Minimum | Recommended |
---|---|---|
CPU Cores | 4 | 8 |
Memory in GB | 8 | 16 |
Display resolution in pixels | WXGA (1366 x 768) | FHD (1920 x 1080) |
Free disk space in GB | 11.0 | 60.0 |
Software requirements
#To write and compile Flutter code for Web, you must have the following version of ChromeOS and the listed software packages.
Operating system
#Flutter supports ChromeOS.
Development tools
#To develop Flutter on ChromeOS:
-
Enable Linux on your Chromebook.
-
Verify that you have the following tools installed:
bash
,file
,mkdir
,rm
,which
which bash file mkdir rm which /bin/bash /usr/bin/file /bin/mkdir /bin/rm which: shell built-in command
-
Install the following packages:
curl
,git
,unzip
,xz-utils
,zip
,libglu1-mesa
sudo apt-get update -y && sudo apt-get upgrade -y; sudo apt-get install -y curl git unzip xz-utils zip libglu1-mesa
-
Install Google Chrome to debug JavaScript code for web apps.
How to install Chrome from the command line
wget https://dl-ssl.google.com/linux/linux_signing_key.pub -O /tmp/google.pub
gpg --no-default-keyring \
--keyring /etc/apt/keyrings/google-chrome.gpg \
--import /tmp/google.pub
echo 'deb [arch=amd64 signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/google-chrome.gpg] http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb/ stable main' | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google-chrome.list
sudo apt-get update -y; sudo apt-get install -y google-chrome-stable
当你在当前版本运行 flutter doctor
的时候,它可能会列出这些软件包的其他不同版本。如果出现这种情况,请安装它推荐的版本。
The developers of the preceding software provide support for those products. To troubleshoot installation issues, consult that product's documentation.
Configure a text editor or IDE
#You can build apps with Flutter using any text editor or integrated development environment (IDE) combined with Flutter's command-line tools.
Using an IDE with a Flutter extension or plugin provides code completion, syntax highlighting, widget editing assists, debugging, and other features.
Popular options include:
- Visual Studio Code 1.77 or later with the Flutter extension for VS Code.
- Android Studio 2023.3.1 (Jellyfish) or later with the Flutter plugin for IntelliJ.
- IntelliJ IDEA 2023.3 or later with the Flutter plugin for IntelliJ.
安装 Flutter SDK
#你可以使用 VS Code Flutter 扩展或自行下载安装 Flutter 压缩包,来安装 Flutter SDK。
使用 VS Code 安装 Flutter
#在使用以下流程来安装 Flutter 前,请确保你已经安装 Visual Studio Code 1.77 或更高版本,以及 Flutter extension for VS Code。
根据 VS Code 的提示,安装 Flutter
#-
启动 VS Code。
-
打开 命令面板 (Command Palette),按下快捷键 Control + Shift + P。
-
在 命令面板 (Command Palette) 中输入
flutter
。 -
选择 Flutter: New Project。
-
VS Code 会提示你在计算机上找到 Flutter SDK。
-
如果你已经安装 Flutter SDK,请单击 Locate SDK。
-
如果你没有安装 Flutter SDK, 请单击 Download SDK。
如果你没有按照 开发工具的必要条件 安装 Git ,单击该按钮后会导航至 Flutter 安装页面。
-
-
当提示 Which Flutter template? 的时候,请忽略它。可以按下 Esc。你可以在检查完开发配置后创建初始测试项目。
下载 Flutter SDK
#-
当对话框 Select Folder for Flutter SDK 显示时,选择你想要安装 Flutter 的位置。
VS Code 会打开你默认的位置。你可以选择其他位置。
请考虑
~/development/
这样的位置 -
单击 Clone Flutter。
在下载 Flutter 时,VS Code 会弹出该通知:
Downloading the Flutter SDK. This may take a few minutes.
下载需要一些时间。如果你怀疑下载被挂起,请单击 Cancel 取消下载后,再重新尝试安装。
-
Flutter 一旦完成下载, 输出 (Output) 面板就会显示。
Checking Dart SDK version... Downloading Dart SDK from the Flutter engine ... Expanding downloaded archive...
成功后,VS Code 会弹出该通知:
Initializing the Flutter SDK. This may take a few minutes.
初始化时,输出 (Output) 面板会显示下面的内容:
Building flutter tool... Running pub upgrade... Resolving dependencies... Got dependencies. Downloading Material fonts... Downloading Gradle Wrapper... Downloading package sky_engine... Downloading flutter_patched_sdk tools... Downloading flutter_patched_sdk_product tools... Downloading windows-x64 tools... Downloading windows-x64/font-subset tools...
该进程还会运行
flutter doctor -v
。此时,请忽略该输出。因为 Flutter Doctor 可能会显示与本次快速启动无关的错误。Flutter 安装成功后,VS Code 会弹出该通知:
Do you want to add the Flutter SDK to PATH so it's accessible in external terminals?
-
VS Code 可能会显示一则 Google Analytics 的通知。
如果你同意,请单击 OK。
-
在所有 a shell 窗口中启用
flutter
:-
关闭,然后重新打开所有 a shell 窗口。
-
重新启动 VS Code。
-
下载并安装 Flutter
#从归档列表中下载 Flutter SDK 压缩包,将压缩包移动到你想要的位置,然后解压 SDK,以此来安装 Flutter。
-
下载以下 Flutter SDK 最新 stable 版本的压缩包。
关于其他发布渠道和旧版本,请查阅 Flutter SDK 归档列表。
Flutter SDK 应该会下载至 ChromeOS 默认下载目录:
~/Downloads/
。 -
创建一个文件夹,用于安装 Flutter。
可以考虑在
/usr/bin/
中创建一个目录。 -
将 Flutter SDK 压缩文件 (zip) 解压到你想要存储的目录中。可以使用以下指令进行解压。
tar -xf ~/Downloads/flutter_sdk_v1.0.0.zip -C /usr/bin/
完成后,Flutter SDK 应该会位于
/usr/bin/flutter
目录中。
Add Flutter to your PATH
#To run Flutter commands in shell,
add Flutter to the PATH
environment variable.
-
Check which shell starts when you open a new console window. This would be your default shell.
echo $SHELL
This differs from another command that tells you which shell runs in your current console.
echo $0
-
To add Flutter to your
PATH
, expand the entry for your default shell, then choose the command.Show bash command
echo 'export PATH="/usr/bin/flutter/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bash_profile
Show zsh command
echo 'export PATH="/usr/bin/flutter/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.zshenv
Show fish command
fish_add_path -g -p /usr/bin/flutter/bin
Show csh command
echo 'setenv PATH "/usr/bin/flutter/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.cshrc
Show tcsh command
echo 'setenv PATH "/usr/bin/flutter/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.tcshrc
Show ksh command
echo 'export PATH="/usr/bin/flutter/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.profile
Show sh command
echo 'export PATH="/usr/bin/flutter/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.profile
-
To apply this change, restart all open terminal sessions.
检查你的开发配置
#运行 Flutter doctor
#flutter doctor
指令将检查 ChromeOS 完整的
Flutter 开发环境的所有组件。
-
Open 一个 shell.
打开一个 shell。
-
要检查所有组件的安装情况,请运行以下指令。
flutter doctor
由于你选择为 Web 进行开发,因此不需要 所有 组件。如果你遵循本指南,指令结果应该类似于:
Running flutter doctor...
Doctor summary (to see all details, run flutter doctor -v):
[✓] Flutter (Channel stable, 3.24.0, on , locale en)
[!] Android toolchain - develop for Android devices
[✓] Chrome - develop for the web
[!] Android Studio (not installed)
[✓] VS Code (version 1.92)
[✓] Connected device (1 available)
[✓] Network resources
! Doctor found issues in 3 categories.
解决 Flutter doctor 的问题
#当 flutter doctor
指令返回错误时,可能是 Flutter、VS Code、、连接的设备或者网络资源出错。
如果 flutter doctor
指令返回这些组件中的任何一个错误,请使用 verbose 标志再次运行。
flutter doctor -v
查看输出结果,了解可能需要安装的其他软件或者需要执行的其他任务。
如果你更改了 Flutter SDK 或其他相关组件的配置,请 再次运行 flutter doctor
来检查安装。
开始使用 Flutter 开发 Web on ChromeOS 应用
#恭喜你。 在安装完成所有必要条件和 Flutter SDK 后,你就可以开始开发适用于 Web on ChromeOS 的 Flutter 应用了。
如果你要继续学习之旅,请参考以下指南:
管理 Flutter SDK
#想要了解管理 Flutter SDK 安装的更多信息,请查阅以下内容。
除非另有说明,本文档之所提及适用于 Flutter 的最新稳定版本,本页面最后更新时间: 2024-09-04。 查看文档源码 或者 为本页面内容提出建议。