视频的播放和暂停
在任何应用开发中,视频播放都是一项常见任务,Flutter 应用也不例外。为了支持视频播放,Flutter 团队提供了 video_player
插件。你可以使用 video_player
插件播放存储在本地文件系统中的视频或者网络视频。
在 iOS 上,video_player
使用 AVPlayer
进行播放控制。在 Android 上,使用的是 ExoPlayer
。
这个章节讲解的是如何借助 video_player
包接收网络视频流,并加入基本的播放、暂停操作。
步骤
#-
添加
video_player
依赖 -
添加权限
-
创建并初始化
VideoPlayerController
-
展示视频播放器
-
播放视频和暂停视频
1. 添加 video_player
依赖
#
这个章节基于一个 Flutter 插件: video_player
。首先,添加依赖到 pubspec.yaml
中。
运行 flutter pub add
将 video_player
添加为依赖:
flutter pub add video_player
2. 添加权限
#然后,你需要确保你的应用拥有从网络中获取视频流的权限。因此,你需要更新你的 android
和 ios
配置。
Android 配置
#在 AndroidManifest.xml
文件中的 <application>
配置项下加入如下权限。
AndroidManifest.xml
文件的路径是
<project root>/android/app/src/main/AndroidManifest.xml
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
<application ...>
</application>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>
</manifest>
iOS 配置
#针对 iOS,你需要在 <project root>/ios/Runner/Info.plist
路径下的 Info.plist
文件中加入如下配置。
<key>NSAppTransportSecurity</key>
<dict>
<key>NSAllowsArbitraryLoads</key>
<true/>
</dict>
macOS
#If you use network-based videos,
add the com.apple.security.network.client
entitlement.
Web
#Flutter web does not support dart:io
,
so avoid using the VideoPlayerController.file
constructor for the plugin.
Using this constructor attempts to create aVideoPlayerController.file
that throws an UnimplementedError
.
Different web browsers might have different video-playback capabilities, such as supported formats or autoplay. Check the video_player_web package for more web-specific information.
The VideoPlayerOptions.mixWithOthers
option can't be implemented in web,
at least at the moment. If you use this option in web it will be silently ignored.
3. 创建并初始化 VideoPlayerController
#
video_player
插件成功安装且权限设置完成后,需要创建一个 VideoPlayerController
。
VideoPlayerController
类允许你播放不同类型的视频并进行播放控制。
在播放视频前,需要对播放控制器进行初始化。初始化过程主要是与视频源建立连接和播放控制的准备。
创建和初始化 VideoPlayerController
时,请遵循以下步骤:
-
创建一个
StatefulWidget
组件和State
类 -
在
State
类中增加一个变量来存放VideoPlayerController
-
在
State
类中增加另外一个变量来存放VideoPlayerController.initialize
返回的Future
-
在
initState
方法里创建和初始化控制器 -
在
dispose
方法里销毁控制器
class VideoPlayerScreen extends StatefulWidget {
const VideoPlayerScreen({super.key});
@override
State<VideoPlayerScreen> createState() => _VideoPlayerScreenState();
}
class _VideoPlayerScreenState extends State<VideoPlayerScreen> {
late VideoPlayerController _controller;
late Future<void> _initializeVideoPlayerFuture;
@override
void initState() {
super.initState();
// Create and store the VideoPlayerController. The VideoPlayerController
// offers several different constructors to play videos from assets, files,
// or the internet.
_controller = VideoPlayerController.networkUrl(
Uri.parse(
'https://flutter.github.io/assets-for-api-docs/assets/videos/butterfly.mp4',
),
);
_initializeVideoPlayerFuture = _controller.initialize();
}
@override
void dispose() {
// Ensure disposing of the VideoPlayerController to free up resources.
_controller.dispose();
super.dispose();
}
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
// Complete the code in the next step.
return Container();
}
}
4. 展示视频播放器
#现在到了展示播放器的时候。video_player
插件提供了 VideoPlayer
组件来展示已经被 VideoPlayerController
初始化完成的视频。默认情况下,VideoPlayer
组件会尽可能撑满整个空间。但是这通常不会太理想,因为很多时候视频需要在特定的宽高比下展示,比如 16x9 或者 4x3。
因此,你可以把 VideoPlayer
组件嵌进一个
AspectRatio
组件中,保证视频播放保持正确的比例。
此外,你必须在 _initializeVideoPlayerFuture
完成后才展示 VideoPlayer
组件。你可以使用 FutureBuilder
来展示一个旋转的加载图标直到初始化完成。请注意:控制器初始化完成并不会立即开始播放。
// Use a FutureBuilder to display a loading spinner while waiting for the
// VideoPlayerController to finish initializing.
FutureBuilder(
future: _initializeVideoPlayerFuture,
builder: (context, snapshot) {
if (snapshot.connectionState == ConnectionState.done) {
// If the VideoPlayerController has finished initialization, use
// the data it provides to limit the aspect ratio of the video.
return AspectRatio(
aspectRatio: _controller.value.aspectRatio,
// Use the VideoPlayer widget to display the video.
child: VideoPlayer(_controller),
);
} else {
// If the VideoPlayerController is still initializing, show a
// loading spinner.
return const Center(
child: CircularProgressIndicator(),
);
}
},
)
5. 播放视频和暂停视频
#默认情况下,播放器启动时会处于暂停状态。开始播放,需要调用 VideoPlayerController
提供的play()
方法。停止播放,需要调用 pause()
方法。
在这个示例中,向应用加入了一个 FloatingActionButton
,这个按钮会根据播放状态展示播放或者暂停的图标。当用户点击按钮,会切换播放状态。如果当前是暂停状态,就开始播放。如果当前是播放状态,就暂停播放。
FloatingActionButton(
onPressed: () {
// Wrap the play or pause in a call to `setState`. This ensures the
// correct icon is shown.
setState(() {
// If the video is playing, pause it.
if (_controller.value.isPlaying) {
_controller.pause();
} else {
// If the video is paused, play it.
_controller.play();
}
});
},
// Display the correct icon depending on the state of the player.
child: Icon(
_controller.value.isPlaying ? Icons.pause : Icons.play_arrow,
),
)
完整样例
#import 'dart:async';
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:video_player/video_player.dart';
void main() => runApp(const VideoPlayerApp());
class VideoPlayerApp extends StatelessWidget {
const VideoPlayerApp({super.key});
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return const MaterialApp(
title: 'Video Player Demo',
home: VideoPlayerScreen(),
);
}
}
class VideoPlayerScreen extends StatefulWidget {
const VideoPlayerScreen({super.key});
@override
State<VideoPlayerScreen> createState() => _VideoPlayerScreenState();
}
class _VideoPlayerScreenState extends State<VideoPlayerScreen> {
late VideoPlayerController _controller;
late Future<void> _initializeVideoPlayerFuture;
@override
void initState() {
super.initState();
// Create and store the VideoPlayerController. The VideoPlayerController
// offers several different constructors to play videos from assets, files,
// or the internet.
_controller = VideoPlayerController.networkUrl(
Uri.parse(
'https://flutter.github.io/assets-for-api-docs/assets/videos/butterfly.mp4',
),
);
// Initialize the controller and store the Future for later use.
_initializeVideoPlayerFuture = _controller.initialize();
// Use the controller to loop the video.
_controller.setLooping(true);
}
@override
void dispose() {
// Ensure disposing of the VideoPlayerController to free up resources.
_controller.dispose();
super.dispose();
}
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return Scaffold(
appBar: AppBar(
title: const Text('Butterfly Video'),
),
// Use a FutureBuilder to display a loading spinner while waiting for the
// VideoPlayerController to finish initializing.
body: FutureBuilder(
future: _initializeVideoPlayerFuture,
builder: (context, snapshot) {
if (snapshot.connectionState == ConnectionState.done) {
// If the VideoPlayerController has finished initialization, use
// the data it provides to limit the aspect ratio of the video.
return AspectRatio(
aspectRatio: _controller.value.aspectRatio,
// Use the VideoPlayer widget to display the video.
child: VideoPlayer(_controller),
);
} else {
// If the VideoPlayerController is still initializing, show a
// loading spinner.
return const Center(
child: CircularProgressIndicator(),
);
}
},
),
floatingActionButton: FloatingActionButton(
onPressed: () {
// Wrap the play or pause in a call to `setState`. This ensures the
// correct icon is shown.
setState(() {
// If the video is playing, pause it.
if (_controller.value.isPlaying) {
_controller.pause();
} else {
// If the video is paused, play it.
_controller.play();
}
});
},
// Display the correct icon depending on the state of the player.
child: Icon(
_controller.value.isPlaying ? Icons.pause : Icons.play_arrow,
),
),
);
}
}
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