Add achievements and leaderboards to your mobile game

Gamers have various motivations for playing games. In broad strokes, there are four major motivations: immersion, achievement, cooperation, and competition. No matter the game you build, some players want to achieve in it. This could be trophies won or secrets unlocked. Some players want to compete in it. This could be hitting high scores or accomplishing speedruns. These two ideas map to the concepts of achievements and leaderboards.

Ecosystems such as the App Store and Google Play provide centralized services for achievements and leaderboards. Players can view achievements from all their games in one place and developers don't need to re-implement them for every game.

This recipe demonstrates how to use the games_services package to add achievements and leaderboard functionality to your mobile game.

To enable games services, set up Game Center on iOS and Google Play Games Services on Android.

To enable Game Center (GameKit) on iOS:

1. Open your Flutter project in Xcode. Open ios/Runner.xcworkspace

2. Select the root Runner project.

3. Go to the Signing & Capabilities tab.

4. Click the + button to add Game Center as a capability.

5. Close Xcode.

6. If you haven't already, register your game in App Store Connect and from the My App section press the + icon.

   

7. Still in App Store Connect, look for the Game Center section. You can find it in Services as of this writing. On the Game Center page, you might want to set up a leaderboard and several achievements, depending on your game. Take note of the IDs of the leaderboards and achievements you create.

To enable Play Games Services on Android:

1. If you haven't already, go to Google Play Console and register your game there.

   

2. Still in Google Play Console, select Play Games Services → Setup and management → Configuration from the navigation menu and follow their instructions.

   • This takes a significant amount of time and patience. Among other things, you'll need to set up an OAuth consent screen in Google Cloud Console. If at any point you feel lost, consult the official Play Games Services guide.

     

3. When done, you can start adding leaderboards and achievements in Play Games Services → Setup and management. Create the exact same set as you did on the iOS side. Make note of IDs.

4. Go to Play Games Services → Setup and management → Publishing.

5. Click Publish. Don't worry, this doesn't actually publish your game. It only publishes the achievements and leaderboard. Once a leaderboard, for example, is published this way, it cannot be unpublished.

6. Go to Play Games Services → Setup and management → Configuration → Credentials.

7. Find the Get resources button. It returns an XML file with the Play Games Services IDs.

   xml

   <!-- THIS IS JUST AN EXAMPLE -->
   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
   <resources>
       <!--app_id-->
       <string name="app_id" translatable="false">424242424242</string>
       <!--package_name-->
       <string name="package_name" translatable="false">dev.flutter.tictactoe</string>
       <!--achievement First win-->
       <string name="achievement_first_win" translatable="false">sOmEiDsTrInG</string>
       <!--leaderboard Highest Score-->
       <string name="leaderboard_highest_score" translatable="false">sOmEiDsTrInG</string>
   </resources>

8. Add a file at android/app/src/main/res/values/games-ids.xml containing the XML you received in the previous step.

Now that you have set up Game Center and Play Games Services, and have your achievement & leaderboard IDs ready, it's finally Dart time.

1. Add a dependency on the games_services package.

   flutter pub add games_services

2. Before you can do anything else, you have to sign the player into the game service.

   dart

   try {
     await GamesServices.signIn();
   } on PlatformException catch (e) {
     // ... deal with failures ...
   }

The sign in happens in the background. It takes several seconds, so don't call signIn() before runApp() or the players will be forced to stare at a blank screen every time they start your game.

The API calls to the games_services API can fail for a multitude of reasons. Therefore, every call should be wrapped in a try-catch block as in the previous example. The rest of this recipe omits exception handling for clarity.

1. Register achievements in Google Play Console and App Store Connect, and take note of their IDs. Now you can award any of those achievements from your Dart code:

   dart

   await GamesServices.unlock(
     achievement: Achievement(
       androidID: 'your android id',
       iOSID: 'your ios id',
     ),
   );

   The player's account on Google Play Games or Apple Game Center now lists the achievement.

2. To display the achievements UI from your game, call the games_services API:

   dart

   await GamesServices.showAchievements();

   This displays the platform achievements UI as an overlay on your game.

3. To display the achievements in your own UI, use GamesServices.loadAchievements().

When the player finishes a play-through, your game can submit the result of that play session into one or more leaderboards.

For example, a platformer game like Super Mario can submit both the final score and the time taken to complete the level, to two separate leaderboards.

1. In the first step, you registered a leaderboard in Google Play Console and App Store Connect, and took note of its ID. Using this ID, you can submit new scores for the player:

   dart

   await GamesServices.submitScore(
     score: Score(
       iOSLeaderboardID: 'some_id_from_app_store',
       androidLeaderboardID: 'sOmE_iD_fRoM_gPlAy',
       value: 100,
     ),
   );

   You don't need to check whether the new score is the player's highest. The platform game services handle that for you.

2. To display the leaderboard as an overlay over your game, make the following call:

   dart

   await GamesServices.showLeaderboards(
     iOSLeaderboardID: 'some_id_from_app_store',
     androidLeaderboardID: 'sOmE_iD_fRoM_gPlAy',
   );

3. If you want to display the leaderboard scores in your own UI, you can fetch them with GamesServices.loadLeaderboardScores().

There's more to the games_services plugin. With this plugin, you can:

• Get the player's icon, name or unique ID
• Save and load game states
• Sign out of the game service

Some achievements can be incremental. For example: "You have collected all 10 pieces of the McGuffin."

Each game has different needs from game services.

To start, you might want to create this controller in order to keep all achievements & leaderboards logic in one place:

import 'dart:async';

import 'package:games_services/games_services.dart';
import 'package:logging/logging.dart';

/// Allows awarding achievements and leaderboard scores,
/// and also showing the platforms' UI overlays for achievements
/// and leaderboards.
///
/// A facade of `package:games_services`.
class GamesServicesController {
  static final Logger _log = Logger('GamesServicesController');

  final Completer<bool> _signedInCompleter = Completer();

  Future<bool> get signedIn => _signedInCompleter.future;

  /// Unlocks an achievement on Game Center / Play Games.
  ///
  /// You must provide the achievement ids via the [iOS] and [android]
  /// parameters.
  ///
  /// Does nothing when the game isn't signed into the underlying
  /// games service.
  Future<void> awardAchievement(
      {required String iOS, required String android}) async {
    if (!await signedIn) {
      _log.warning('Trying to award achievement when not logged in.');
      return;
    }

    try {
      await GamesServices.unlock(
        achievement: Achievement(
          androidID: android,
          iOSID: iOS,
        ),
      );
    } catch (e) {
      _log.severe('Cannot award achievement: $e');
    }
  }

  /// Signs into the underlying games service.
  Future<void> initialize() async {
    try {
      await GamesServices.signIn();
      // The API is unclear so we're checking to be sure. The above call
      // returns a String, not a boolean, and there's no documentation
      // as to whether every non-error result means we're safely signed in.
      final signedIn = await GamesServices.isSignedIn;
      _signedInCompleter.complete(signedIn);
    } catch (e) {
      _log.severe('Cannot log into GamesServices: $e');
      _signedInCompleter.complete(false);
    }
  }

  /// Launches the platform's UI overlay with achievements.
  Future<void> showAchievements() async {
    if (!await signedIn) {
      _log.severe('Trying to show achievements when not logged in.');
      return;
    }

    try {
      await GamesServices.showAchievements();
    } catch (e) {
      _log.severe('Cannot show achievements: $e');
    }
  }

  /// Launches the platform's UI overlay with leaderboard(s).
  Future<void> showLeaderboard() async {
    if (!await signedIn) {
      _log.severe('Trying to show leaderboard when not logged in.');
      return;
    }

    try {
      await GamesServices.showLeaderboards(
        // TODO: When ready, change both these leaderboard IDs.
        iOSLeaderboardID: 'some_id_from_app_store',
        androidLeaderboardID: 'sOmE_iD_fRoM_gPlAy',
      );
    } catch (e) {
      _log.severe('Cannot show leaderboard: $e');
    }
  }

  /// Submits [score] to the leaderboard.
  Future<void> submitLeaderboardScore(int score) async {
    if (!await signedIn) {
      _log.warning('Trying to submit leaderboard when not logged in.');
      return;
    }

    _log.info('Submitting $score to leaderboard.');

    try {
      await GamesServices.submitScore(
        score: Score(
          // TODO: When ready, change these leaderboard IDs.
          iOSLeaderboardID: 'some_id_from_app_store',
          androidLeaderboardID: 'sOmE_iD_fRoM_gPlAy',
          value: score,
        ),
      );
    } catch (e) {
      _log.severe('Cannot submit leaderboard score: $e');
    }
  }
}

The Flutter Casual Games Toolkit includes the following templates:

• basic: basic starter game
• card: starter card game
• endless runner: starter game (using Flame) where the player endlessly runs, avoiding pitfalls and gaining rewards

除非另有说明，本文档之所提及适用于 Flutter 的最新稳定版本，本页面最后更新时间: 2024-04-04。 查看文档源码 或者 为本页面内容提出建议。