Deprecated imperative apply of Flutter's Gradle plugins
Summary
#To build a Flutter app for Android, Flutter's Gradle plugins must be applied. Historically, this was done imperatively with Gradle's legacy, imperative apply script method.
In Flutter 3.16, support was added for applying these plugins with Gradle's
declarative plugins {} block (also called the Plugin DSL) and it is
now the recommended approach. Since Flutter 3.16, projects generated with
flutter create
use the Plugin DSL to apply Gradle plugins. Projects created
with versions of Flutter prior to 3.16 need to be migrated manually.
Applying Gradle plugins using the plugins {}
block executes the same code as
before and should produce equivalent app binaries.
To learn about advantages the new Plugin DSL syntax has over the legacy apply
script syntax, see Gradle docs.
Migrating the app ecosystem to use the new approach will also make it easier for Flutter team to develop Flutter's Gradle plugins, and to enable exciting new features in the future, such as using Kotlin instead of Groovy in Gradle buildscripts.
Migrate
#android/settings.gradle
#First, find the values of the Android Gradle Plugin (AGP) and Kotlin that the project currently
uses. Unless they have been moved, they are likely defined in the buildscript block of the
<app-src>/android/build.gradle
file. As an example, consider the build.gradle
file from
a new Flutter app created before this change:
buildscript {
ext.kotlin_version = '1.7.10'
repositories {
google()
mavenCentral()
}
dependencies {
classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:7.3.0'
classpath "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-gradle-plugin:$kotlin_version"
}
}
allprojects {
repositories {
google()
mavenCentral()
}
}
rootProject.buildDir = '../build'
subprojects {
project.buildDir = "${rootProject.buildDir}/${project.name}"
}
subprojects {
project.evaluationDependsOn(':app')
}
tasks.register("clean", Delete) {
delete rootProject.buildDir
}
The AGP version is the number that comes at the end of the line
classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:7.3.0'
, so 7.3.0
in this case. Similarly, the Kotlin version comes at the end of the line
ext.kotlin_version = '1.7.10'
, in this case 1.7.10
.
Next, replace the contents of <app-src>/android/settings.gradle
with the below,
remembering to replace {agpVersion}
and {kotlinVersion}
with previously
identified values:
pluginManagement {
def flutterSdkPath = {
def properties = new Properties()
file("local.properties").withInputStream { properties.load(it) }
def flutterSdkPath = properties.getProperty("flutter.sdk")
assert flutterSdkPath != null, "flutter.sdk not set in local.properties"
return flutterSdkPath
}()
includeBuild("$flutterSdkPath/packages/flutter_tools/gradle")
repositories {
google()
mavenCentral()
gradlePluginPortal()
}
}
plugins {
id "dev.flutter.flutter-plugin-loader" version "1.0.0"
id "com.android.application" version "{agpVersion}" apply false
id "org.jetbrains.kotlin.android" version "{kotlinVersion}" apply false
}
include ":app"
If you made some changes to this file, make sure they're placed after
pluginManagement {}
and plugins {}
blocks, since Gradle enforces that no
other code may be placed before these blocks.
android/build.gradle
#Remove the whole buildscript
block from <app-src/android/build.gradle
:
buildscript {
ext.kotlin_version = '{kotlinVersion}'
repositories {
google()
mavenCentral()
}
dependencies {
classpath "org.jetbrains.kotlin:gradle-plugin:$kotlin_version"
}
}
Here's how that file will likely end up:
allprojects {
repositories {
google()
mavenCentral()
}
}
rootProject.buildDir = '../build'
subprojects {
project.buildDir = "${rootProject.buildDir}/${project.name}"
}
subprojects {
project.evaluationDependsOn(':app')
}
tasks.register("clean", Delete) {
delete rootProject.buildDir
}
android/app/build.gradle
#Most changes have to be made in the <app-src>/android/app/build.gradle
. First,
remove these 2 chunks of code that use the legacy imperative apply method:
def flutterRoot = localProperties.getProperty('flutter.sdk')
if (flutterRoot == null) {
throw new GradleException("Flutter SDK not found. Define location with flutter.sdk in the local.properties file.")
}
apply plugin: 'com.android.application'
apply plugin: 'com.jetbrains.kotlin.android'
apply from: "$flutterRoot/packages/flutter_tools/gradle/flutter.gradle"
Now apply the plugins again, but this time using the Plugin DSL syntax. At the very top of your file, add:
plugins {
id "com.android.application"
id "kotlin-android"
id "dev.flutter.flutter-gradle-plugin"
}
Finally, if your dependencies
block contains a dependency on "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk7:$kotlin_version"
,
then remove that dependency.
dependencies {
implementation "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk7:$kotlin_version"
}
If it was the only dependency in the dependencies
block, then
alternatively you may remove the block entirely.
Validation
#Execute flutter run
to confirm your app builds and launches on a connected
Android device or emulator.
Examples
#Google Mobile Services and Crashlytics
#If your app was using Google Mobile Services and Crashlytics, remove the
following lines from <app-src>/android/build.gradle
:
buildscript {
// ...
dependencies {
// ...
classpath "com.google.gms:google-services:4.4.0"
classpath "com.google.firebase:firebase-crashlytics-gradle:2.9.9"
}
}
and remove these 2 lines from <app-src>/android/app/build.gradle
:
apply plugin: 'com.google.gms.google-services'
apply plugin: 'com.google.firebase.crashlytics'
To migrate to the new, declarative-apply syntax for
the GMS and Crashlytics plugins, add them to plugins
block
in your app's <app-src>/android/settings.gradle
file.
The additions should look similar to the following,
but with your desired plugin versions, likely matching
the ones you removed from the <app-src>/android/build.gradle
file.
plugins {
id "dev.flutter.flutter-plugin-loader" version "1.0.0"
id "com.android.application" version "{agpVersion}" apply false
id "org.jetbrains.kotlin.android" version "{kotlinVersion}" apply false
id "com.google.gms.google-services" version "4.4.0" apply false
id "com.google.firebase.crashlytics" version "2.9.9" apply false
}
and the following lines to <app-src>/android/app/build.gradle
:
plugins {
id "com.android.application"
id "dev.flutter.flutter-gradle-plugin"
id "org.jetbrains.kotlin.android"
id "com.google.gms.google-services"
id "com.google.firebase.crashlytics"
}
Timeline
#Support in stable release: 3.16.0 Recommended in stable release: 3.19.0
References
#除非另有说明,本文档之所提及适用于 Flutter 的最新稳定版本,本页面最后更新时间: 2024-10-09。 查看文档源码 或者 为本页面内容提出建议。